Battery Energy Storage System Sizing for Peak Shaving and Renewable Energy Integration

Abstract

The increasing penetration of renewable generation and the growth of variable electrical demand are creating a need for flexible energy resources that can respond quickly to changes in system conditions. Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) can absorb surplus renewable energy, discharge during high-demand periods, and reduce the instantaneous power drawn from the grid. This project presents a coordinated framework for determining BESS power and energy ratings for peak shaving while supporting renewable-energy integration. The proposed approach combines load-profile analysis, renewable generation forecasting, state-of-charge constraints, battery operating limits, and an energy-management controller. The sizing process considers both the required discharge power for limiting grid peaks and the usable energy required to sustain that support over the target interval. A simulation-oriented architecture is developed to compare grid-only operation, renewable-assisted operation, and renewable-plusBESS operation. Performance is assessed using peak grid demand, renewable utilization, battery throughput, state-of-charge range, and operational cost indicators. The framework demonstrates how appropriately sized storage can shift renewable energy toward periods of higher demand, reduce peak loading, and improve the controllability of a renewable-integrated electrical system.