ICU Connect: IoT-Enabled Remote ICU Patient Monitoring System

Abstract

Continuous monitoring of patient health, especially in intensive care environments such as the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), is essential for timely diagnosis and effective medical intervention. Traditional healthcare systems rely on manual observation and periodic measurements, which can delay the detection of critical changes in patient conditions. These methods lack real-time tracking, remote accessibility, and automated alert mechanisms, increasing the risk of complications. Therefore, there is a growing need for a smart and connected healthcare solution that enables continuous and accurate monitoring. The proposed system introduces a wearable health monitoring network based on the Internet of Things (IoT). It utilizes wearable sensors to measure key physiological parameters such as heart rate, body temperature, and movement, which are processed using an Arduino microcontroller (open-source embedded system platform). The collected data is transmitted via the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module (Wireless Fidelity communication module) to an IoT cloud platform for storage, processing, and visualization. A smart IoT gateway is also implemented to support local processing, web server functionality, and cloud integration. The system continuously analyzes patient data and generates alerts when abnormal conditions are detected, ensuring immediate notification to authorized personnel. Additionally, Machine Learning (ML) techniques are incorporated to improve prediction accuracy and health assessment. The wearable and portable design allows patients to be monitored remotely from anywhere in the world. Overall, the system provides a reliable, real-time, and cost-effective solution that enhances patient safety and supports modern smart healthcare applications.