IoT-Based Hospital Assist Robot Using ESP32 for Real-Time Hazard Detection and Environmental Monitoring Applications

Abstract

monitoring have accelerated the adoption of intelligent hospital automation systems, with global healthcare IoT solutions expected to exceed 300 billion USD and hospital-related safety incidents contributing to significant risks for patients and staff annually. Additionally, hazards such as gas leakage, fire outbreaks, and environmental instability in hospitals require real-time monitoring and rapid response systems to prevent critical situations. Traditional hospital monitoring systems rely heavily on manual inspection and fixed monitoring devices, which may fail to detect sudden hazards in time and lack mobility and real-time communication capabilities. Furthermore, conventional systems do not integrate multi-sensor monitoring, robotic assistance, or remote accessibility, reducing their effectiveness in dynamic healthcare environments. To address these challenges, the proposed Hospital Assist Robot utilizes the ESP32 microcontroller to develop an intelligent and mobile healthcare monitoring solution. The system integrates fire, gas, smoke, and vibration sensors to continuously monitor environmental conditions, while an ESP32-CAM enables real-time video surveillance for remote observation. The robot is equipped with a mobility mechanism to navigate across hospital areas, enhancing coverage and monitoring efficiency. Upon detecting abnormal conditions, the system triggers buzzer alerts and displays warning messages on an LCD to notify staff immediately. IoT integration allows real-time data transmission to cloud platforms for remote monitoring and analysis. This smart robotic system improves hospital safety, enables rapid emergency response, reduces manual effort, and supports the development of intelligent and connected healthcare infrastructures