Smart Wearable Health Monitoring System Using ESP32 and IoT for Continuous Cardiac and Temperature Tracking

Abstract

Wearable health monitoring technologies are growing at over 20% annually, highlighting the shift toward connected and preventive healthcare. In practical scenarios such as hospitals, ICUs, home healthcare, elderly care, and remote patient monitoring, there is a critical need for systems that can continuously track vital health parameters and provide instant alerts during emergencies. These environments demand portable, real-time, and reliable solutions capable of monitoring patient conditions both locally and remotely. Traditional healthcare monitoring relies on periodic manual measurements and hospital-based equipment, which may fail to detect sudden health abnormalities in time and lack continuous tracking capabilities. Furthermore, conventional systems do not provide real-time remote access, automated alerting, or integrated data analytics, limiting their effectiveness in modern healthcare. To address these challenges, the proposed IoT-Driven Tele-ECG Health Monitor utilizes the ESP32 microcontroller to develop a wearable and intelligent health monitoring system. The system integrates heart rate sensors, temperature sensors, and vibration sensors to continuously monitor physiological parameters, while the ESP32 processes and displays data on an LCD for local monitoring. Through built-in Wi-Fi connectivity, the system transmits real-time health data to an IoT cloud platform via a gateway, enabling remote monitoring and data visualization. The system automatically detects abnormal conditions such as irregular heart rate or elevated temperature and sends instant alerts to doctors or caregivers. This portable and IoT-enabled solution enhances patient safety, enables early diagnosis, supports remote healthcare delivery, and contributes to the advancement of smart and connected medical systems.